"It is beyond doubt therefore, that capitalism's transition to the stage of monopoly capitalism, to finance capital, is bound up with the intensification of the struggle for the partition of the world." - Imperialism, The Highest STage of Capitalism, by V.I. Lenin*
"in your book The German Ideology, you state that in the Communist society of the future, the individual will not be bound by the limitations of one particular activity but will exercise his faculties in areas he finds interesting and appealing, one thing today another the day after, hunting at dawn, fishing after lunch, at dusk lavishing care on his cattle and enjoying critical thought after dinner, all according to the mood of the moment, yet never turning into hunter, fisher, critic or stockman! - do you truly believe sir, that our life fits such an idyllic description?
the blast-furnaceman interrupted him if we follow your theories to the letter, the Soviet proletariat would be not the object but the subject of its own exploitation!" - The Marx Family Saga by Juan Goytisolo*
Will we ever see the real decline and subsequent death of the Capitalist scourge all over the globe?
Will the wretched of the Earth ever rise up en masse to claim back what is theirs, from the imperialist tyrants of the world,the descendents of Cecil John Rhodes? The ones who will stop at nothing in their pursuit for profits and destabilization of "weaker" countries and governments?
There have been many socio-political movements established with the sole purpose of ENDING THE WORLD as we know it, many have come and gone without achieving their noble ideals, while others survive, thriving on precarious compromises and cleavage to their principles and ideas.
The influencers of these social movements vary, but when it comes to political and economic theory, none stands as firmly established as Karl Marx. Marx's, view of the global market was impeccable and his views remain the focus of diverse economists and politicians. In the Black tadical tradition, only Marcus Garvey and Franz Fanon stand as firmly as Marx, yet more people have heard of Marx more than they have heard or read Fanon, Cabral and the monumental works of Kwame Nkrumah and Mwalimu Nyerere.
Yet many have asked of Marx's theories, "How could he be so wrong and yet so right?"
The role of Karl Marx's work in the Black/Afrikan revolution is undeniable, as one of the principal leaders of newly independent Afrika, Kwame Nkrumah and many ( not all) pan-Afrikanists and Black Consciousness activists would attest ...
While we are still thinking in terms of dialectics and Blackness and Whiteness, it is interesting to note that Marx thought and acted like a grandmaster chess-player and indeed he was one. Marx gave the world the Basic instructions for battling international thievery.
As one of his contemporaries, Wilhelm Liebknecht would recall: "Marx announced triumphantly that he had discovered a new move by which he would drive us all under cover. The challenge was accepted. And really - he defeated us all one after the other. Gradually, however, we learned victory from defeat, and I succeeded in checkmating Marx. It had become very late, and he grimly demanded revenge for next morning, in his house...the next morning the struggle commenced in earnest: through-out the day and afternoon and evening the two men faced each other grimly across the black and white battlefield until, at midnight, Liebnecht succeeded in checkmating his opponent... Marx wanted to continue until Helen the housekeeper presented a message: 'Mrs Marx begs that you play no more chess with Moor ( Marx's nickname, meaning The Black or Swarthy One ), in the evening, when he loses the game, he is most disagreeable."
It is recorded that Liebknecht never played chess with Marx again, but his description of the Marxian technique is very telling, and reveals something about his seminal work, the Communist Manifesto.
"He tried to make up what he lacked in science by zeal, impetuousness of attack and surprise."In the Communist Manifesto Marx asserts, that "Kings, queens, bishops and knights would all be forced into submission sooner or later, beaten down by the sheer determination of their challengers. Like the NEW MOVE of which he was so proud, the manifesto was a WEAPON OF REVENGE AGAINST HIS SMUGLY SUPERIOR ADVERSARIES. forged and fashioned during sleepless nights of brooding rage. His equally smug detractors today are therefore 'still'missing the point.
And I, myself have for a very long time, until recently, avoided delving into the theories and ideas of great thinkers from the West. I have maintained that the only tools that a Black revolutionary requires to Decolonise the Mind and truly get free are those devised by Afrikans ourselves.
But it does not take a longtime to realise that many of our modern day Black liberators gain a lot from the radical thought of people like Marx and Lenin and Mao Zedong.
While I still stand as a rebellious and impure Rastaman, an Afrikanist, an Afrikologist without a tribal identity, I acknowledge once again that I am neither a Marxist nor a communist. However remain inspired by Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin; Amilcar Cabral, Thomas Sankara; Andile Mgxitama and the September National Imbizo and also all the Marxists who have given me a clear yet troubling perspective of the world.
I acknowledge Mphutlane Wa Bofelo, Daggar Tollar and Richard Wright, Angela Davis in the same breath as I extol the works of Marcus Garvey; Ngugi Wa Thiongo and Toni Morrison. They have placed the Black person at the centre of the storm and through their Marxist inspired works and worlds, they have ensured that we all can boldly make New Moves and change the world for the better.
Here is a fitting tribute to Marx, from the September National Imbizo:
Political Education 101
Celebrating The Contributions Of Karl Marx on this 197th Anniversary Of His Birth
Karl Marx' thinking and works can really only be understood if it is considered in its entirety. For example, you cannot draw sound conclusions of Marx' analysis of revolution simply by assessing his early works like "The German Ideology" and "The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts". In this regard a proper conceptualization would require an enquiry into how his theoretical submissions in his early works developed when tested in practice. Marx understood and called for melding theory with practice as the ultimate test for theory. He saw the labor movement as the site for testing his theories. It is instructive to therefore see how the French Revolution of 1848-49 and the Paris Commune of 1871 (the two revolutionary periods in Marx' life) impacted on the evolution of his political thinking.
Of the two texts "The Communist Manifesto" and "The Civil War in France", "The Civil War in France" is considered more important as it reflects Marx's political maturity in respect of his theory of revolution. "The Communist Manifesto" which Marx wrote before the French Revolution is really more of a theoretical prediction of future revolutionary developments based on scientific historical research. "The Civil War in France" however was written after the class struggle there had produced a new system, the commune. But never in his wildest dreams did he or any other thinker ever visualize the commune as a possible state form. This new form of state had in fact developed despite the influence of "Blanquist conspiratorial theories" and "Proudhonist anti-statist anarchist ideas" of that time. The commune was conceptualized and developed directly and spontaneously from class struggle. It was created to respond to the people's need for a new state form.
Marx himself regarded his most important contribution to be his identification of "the dictatorship of the proletariat" as the agency and core mechanism for the transition to socialism. Hence it is not surprising that Marx looked to the Paris Commune (as the first workers government and dictatorship of the proletariat) for inspiration. He referred to it as "a new point of departure of world-historic importance,"
The main theoretical questions raised in "The Communist Manifesto" were answered by the Paris Commune including: What would a government of the dictatorship of the proletariat look like? How would it use state power to deal with the former oppressors as opposed to the oppressed so as to further socialism? How would the other classes that formed tactical alliances with the proletariat against the previous system respond to the new worker's state? Why did previous revolutions fail?
V. I. Lenin in "In Memory Of The Commune" points out that in spite its rather short existence and of the unfavorable conditions giving rise to and establishing it, "the Commune managed to promulgate a few measures which sufficiently characterize its real significance and aims. The Commune did away with the standing army, that blind weapon in the hands of the ruling classes, and armed the whole people. It proclaimed the separation of church and state, abolished state payments to religious bodies (i.e., state salaries for priests), made popular education purely secular, and in this way struck a severe blow at the gendarmes in cassocks. In the purely social sphere the Commune accomplished very little, but this little nevertheless clearly reveals its character as a popular, workers' government. Night-work in bakeries was forbidden; the system of fines, which represented legalised robbery of the workers, was abolished. Finally, there was the famous decree that all factories and workshops abandoned or shut down by their owners were to be turned over to associations of workers that were to resume production. And, as if to emphasize its character as a truly democratic, proletarian government, the Commune decreed that the salaries of all administrative and government officials, irrespective of rank, should not exceed the normal wages of a worker, and in no case amount to more than 6,000 francs a year (less than 200 rubles a month)."
Ultimately, notwithstanding a call for the study of all Karl Marx's works, it is the study of the actual Paris Commune which is key to understanding Karl Marx' theory of revolution.
Selected Readings
1. Karl Marx, The Paris Commune in "The Civil War In France"
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1871/civil-war-france/ch05.htm
2. V. I. Lenin in "In Memory Of The Commune"
https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1911/apr/15.htm
3. V. I. Lenin in "Lessons Of The Commune"
https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1908/mar/23.htm
Issued By EFF Black Views
6 May 2015
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